Abstract: What kind of people we should cultivate, how, and for whom—these are the fundamental issues that education must address, and are also fundamental issues that ideological and political education must address and resolve. These questions profoundly regulate and endow ideological and political education with a clear sense of value,objectives and paradigms, and implemetation logic, collectively reflecting the principles of ideological and political education across three dimensions. Since the reform and openingup, the innovative development of these principles has unfolded as follows: first, along the dimension of “for whom”, these principles have shifted from serving the reform and openingup to serving the construction of a strong country; second, along the dimension of “what kind of people”, they have evolved from cultivating the “new people with four musthaves” to nurturing the “new people of the times”; and third,along the dimension of “how”, they have transitioned from addressing specific challenges to embracing systematic approaches. These developments have significantly enhanced the quality and efficiency of ideological and political education through upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, thereby strengthening its ideological and political leadership in advancing the cause of building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation.

Key words: principles of ideological and political education, “for whom to cultivate people”, “what kind of people to cultivate”, “how to cultivate people”

摘要： “为谁培养人、培养什么人、怎样培养人”是教育的根本问题，更是思想政治教育必须回应和解答的根本问题，在深层次上规制并赋予思想政治教育以明确的价值坐标、目标范式和实现逻辑，从三重向度集中体现了思想政治教育理念。改革开放以来思想政治教育理念的创新发展，依循“为谁培养人”向度，经历了从服务改革开放到服务强国建设的变迁；依循“培养什么人”向度，经历了从培养“四有新人”到培养“时代新人”的嬗变；依循“怎样培养人”向度，经历了从解决突出问题到坚持系统观念的转变，有力推动了思想政治教育在守正创新中提质增效，有效增强了服务强国建设、民族复兴伟业的思政引领力。

关键词: 思想政治教育理念, “为谁培养人”, “培养什么人”, “怎样培养人”