Abstract: The achievements of the Chinese path to modernization have provided a practical foundation for humanity to construct new modernity thought, thereby overcoming the developmental dilemmas caused by capitalcentered modernization. In Das Kapital, Marx systematically critiques modernity thought rooted in old materialism, offering critical theoretical resources for the construction of new modernity thought. Current research has extensively explored the critique of modernity in Das Kapital, yet the implicit new modernity thought remains underexamined. From the perspective of Marxs integration of philosophy and political economy, the critique of modernity in Das Kapital contains the seeds of new modernity thought, primarily reflected in two aspects: first, based on a profound understanding of the characteristics and behavioral logic of capital under capitalist production relations, the core of constructing new modernity thought focuses on reforming capitals attributes and regulating its operations; second, by revealing the simplification and fragmentation of human development in modernization, Marx establishes the goal of achieving comprehensive human development, highlighting the value pursuit of new modernity thought. Building on Das Kapitals perspectives on new modernity thought and integrating the theoretical and practical innovations of the Chinese path to modernization, the construction of new modernity thought should revolve around the following four key dimensions. First, the fundamental attribute of new modernity is its peoplecenteredness, which requires modernization to adhere to a peoplecentered approach. Second, we should uphold the unity of the Party spirit and peoplecenteredness, maintain and strengthen the Partys comprehensive leadership to ensure the Chinese modernization advances in the correct direction. Third, based on a proper understanding of capitals characteristics and behavioral patterns, it is necessary to achieve effective transformation of capital through institutional design and policy guidance, aligning it with societal development. Fourth, we should fully leverage the institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics, relying on institutional innovation and governance efficacy to comprehensively advance the construction of new modernity thought.

Key words: Das Kapital, the Chinese path to modernization, critique of modernity, new modernity

摘要： 中国式现代化在实践中取得的成就为人类构建新型现代性思想，进而摆脱以资本为中心的现代化造成的发展困境提供了实践基础。马克思在《资本论》中对以旧唯物主义为基础的现代性思想进行了较为系统的批判，为新型现代性思想的建构工作提供了重要的理论资源。当前学界较为全面地探索了《资本论》中的现代性批判思想，尚未充分挖掘其中隐含的新型现代性思想。实际上，《资本论》现代性批判思想蕴含着新型现代性思想的萌芽，主要体现为：一是在对资本主义生产关系下资本特性与行为规律的深刻认识中隐含着新型现代性思想的建构应当注重规范和引导资本健康发展的观点；二是在揭示以资本为中心的现代化进程中人的单一化、片面化发展问题的基础上，树立了实现人的全面发展的目标，彰显了新型现代性思想的价值追求。从《资本论》关于新型现代性思想的观点出发，结合中国式现代化的理论与实践创新，新型现代性思想的建构应围绕以下四个关键方面展开：其一，新型现代性应坚持人民主体地位，这决定了现代化建设须坚持以人民为中心；其二，坚持党性与人民性相统一，坚持和加强党的全面领导，确保中国式现代化始终沿着正确的方向推进；其三，应在正确认识和把握资本特性和行为规律的基础上，通过制度设计实现对资本的规范和引导，使其服务于社会整体发展；其四，充分发挥中国特色社会主义制度优势，依托制度创新和治理效能，全面推动新型现代性思想的建构。

关键词: 《资本论》, 中国式现代化, 现代性批判思想, 新型现代性