Abstract: The relationship between Marx and Rousseau serves as a critical axis for understanding the evolution of Marxs thought. While Rousseau offers the most profound articulation of war and peace within the framework of social contract theory, Marxs sustained engagement with Rousseau becomes pivotal in forging the paradigm of historical materialism. Transcending and rejecting Rousseaus “statecentric theory” across philosophical foundations, root causes of conflict, pathways to peace, and value systems, Marx achieves a groundbreaking advance in the history of political philosophy. Confronting unprecedented global, epochal, and historical transformations, delving deeper into Marxs politicalphilosophical framework on war and peace not only deepens our understanding of his intellectual legacy but also illuminates contemporary challenges and addresses the demands of our time. 

Key words: war and peace, social contract theory, historical materialism

摘要： 马克思与卢梭的关系是理解其思想发展的一条重要线索。如果说卢梭在社会契约论的论域中对战争与和平进行了最为深刻的阐发,那么与卢梭的反复对话则成为马克思建构历史唯物主义范式的重要契机。马克思在哲学起点、战争根源、和平路径和价值评判等方面扬弃了卢梭的“国家中心论”范式，实现了政治哲学史上的一次重要突破。面对前所未有的世界之变、时代之变、历史之变，进一步挖掘马克思对战争与和平的政治哲学筹划，既有助于加深我们对马克思思想的理解，也有助于透视现实问题、回应时代之需。

关键词: 战争与和平, 社会契约论, 历史唯物主义