Abstract: The historical turn in Marx's view of morality represents a significant facet in the establishment of historical materialism. From his youth, Marx's view of morality evolved through stages that included an ideal moral perspective integrating Christian ethics with humanism of the Enlightenment, a radical liberal moral perspective emphasizing universal rationality, and a revolutionary humanist moral perspective grounded in philosophical argumentation. As his engagement with political economy deepened and intensified, Marx developed a practical view of morality characterized by a clear orientation toward practice and a revolutionary spirit. This historical turn in his view of morality also signifies a methodological transformation—from the critique of value to the generation of practice, and from philosophicallogical analysis to historicalscientific analysis. Through the critique and transcendence of old materialist and idealist moral views, Marxs view of morality possesses a highly practical social quality, integrating scientific and valuable principles, classbased and popularoriented approaches, and realistic and idealistic approaches. Therefore, only by understanding and interpreting it within a broader historical vision and more concrete sociopolitical practices, from the perspective of practical criticism and human emancipation, can we fully unleash the practical resolve and transformative power inherent in Marxs view of morality to change the world.

Key words: Marx, view of morality, historical turn

摘要： 马克思道德观的历史转向是历史唯物主义创建过程中的一个重要侧面。自少年时期以来，马克思的道德观先后经历了基于基督教伦理与启蒙人道主义相交融的理想型道德观、强调理性普遍性的激进自由主义道德观、基于哲学论证的革命人本主义道德观等阶段，随着政治经济学研究的深化，马克思形成了具有明确实践倾向和革命精神的实践道德观。这一道德观的历史转向过程也是一个从价值批判到实践生成、从哲学逻辑分析到历史科学分析的方法论转型过程。通过对旧唯物主义道德观和唯心主义道德观的批判和超越，马克思所呈现的道德观具有科学性与价值性、阶级性与人民性、现实性与理想性相统一的高度的社会实践特质。故而，只有在更广阔的历史视野和更具体的社会政治实践中，从实践批判和人类解放的高度来理解和把握，才能释放马克思道德观所具有的改变世界的实践决心和行动力量。

关键词: 马克思, 道德观, 历史转向