Abstract: While weakening the social interpretative framework of historical materialism, Western Marxism has readopted the idea of “subjectivity” in modern European Enlightenment philosophy. Within the framework of historical materialism, Gramscis philosophy has almost completely reshaped all the constituent elements and their interrelationships, which reflects in the most direct way the idea of “Enlightenment subjectivity” criticized by the Western Marxist capitalism. Due to the emphasis on the independence of the stages of ideological revolution in the field of society and history, civil society has been elevated to be at a critical height in the Marxist revolutionary sequence of historical stages, and the discussion on ideological problems in civil society have actually been placed above the Marxist economic analysis of class struggle. The absence of the dimension of production practices in Gramscis philosophy has led to the blurred definition of “organic intellectuals” while downplaying the historical legitimacy of “the proletariat and its party”, and finally, a theoretical tendency has been formed, in which cultural leadership takes precedence over or outweighs the real proletarian revolution.

Key words: Gramsci, the idea of “Enlightenment subjectivity”, historical materialism

摘要： 在弱化历史唯物主义社会解读框架的情况下，西方马克思主义重新走入了欧洲近代启蒙哲学的“主体性”思路。葛兰西哲学在历史唯物主义框架内部几乎完全重塑了所有构成要素及其相互关系，以最直接的方式反映了西方马克思主义资本主义批判的“启蒙主体性”思路。由于在社会历史观领域突出意识形态革命的阶段独立性，市民社会被提升至马克思主义革命序列的基础性地位，市民社会中的意识形态问题实际上被置于马克思主义关于阶级斗争的经济分析之上。生产实践维度的缺失，造成了葛兰西哲学在模糊定义“有机知识分子”的同时，淡化了“无产阶级及其政党”的历史合法性，最终形成了文化领导权优先于或高于无产阶级现实革命的理论倾向。

关键词: 葛兰西, “启蒙主体性”思路, 历史唯物主义