Abstract: The views of Marx and Engels on the “mass” and “spirit” are the concentrated expression of the Marxist view of the history of the mass and the spiritual life, and are the important theoretical basis for the realization of the common wealth of the peoples spiritual life in the new era. In The Holy Family, they exposed the idealistic worldview and view of history of Hegel and the young Hegelians, criticized the speculative philosophers separation and opposition of the “spirit” and “mass” and the inverted logic of excluding the mass from spirit and history, further identified the dialectical unity of the “mass” and “spirit”, clarified the dominant position of the mass in social and historical development, and demonstrated the leading power of the spirit over the mass. In the new era, to promote the Chinese path to modernization, we should be guided by Marx and Engels dialectical unity theory of the “mass” and “spirit”, correctly grasp the relationship between material life and spiritual life, between spiritual production and spiritual needs and between spiritual cultural undertakings and spiritual cultural industries, uphold the peoplecentered approach, persist in “arming the people with advanced theories”, and continuously promote the common prosperity of the peoples material and spiritual life, in order to write a brand new chapter in pursuing socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics and achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Key words: mass, spirit, historical materialism, contemporary implications, practical requirements

摘要： 马克思恩格斯关于“群众”和“精神”的观点，是马克思主义群众史观和精神生活观的集中表达，是新时代推动实现人民群众精神生活共同富裕的重要理论基础。他们在《神圣家族》中揭露了黑格尔及青年黑格尔派唯心主义的世界观和历史观，批判了思辨哲学家把“精神”和“群众”相分离、相对立，把群众排除在精神之外、推除在历史之外的颠倒逻辑，进一步阐明了“群众”和“精神”的辩证统一关系，明确了群众在社会历史发展中的主体地位，彰显了精神对群众的引领力量。新时代全面推进中国式现代化，应当以马克思恩格斯的“群众”和“精神”辩证统一论为指导，正确把握物质生活和精神生活、精神生产和精神需要、精神文化事业和精神文化产业之间的关系，坚持以人民为中心、坚持用先进理论武装人民群众、不断推动人民群众物质生活与精神生活共同富裕，开辟中国特色社会主义现代化建设新境界，书写中华民族伟大复兴新篇章。

关键词: 群众, 精神, 唯物史观, 时代意蕴, 现实要求