Abstract: Based on the idea of “true community”, Marx's theory of free association clarifies the two basic characteristics of individual freedom and social association in the future socialist society, and puts forward a scientific viewpoint to realize social harmony and social association. The ancient Chinese thought of harmony based on the concept of “unity without uniformity” includes progressive concepts such as acknowledging individual differences, affirming social harmony and advocating integrated development. There are not only important differences but also internal consistency and high compatibility between Marx's idea of free association and the harmony thought of ancient Chinese scholars. Therefore, we should integrate Marx's theory of free association with the ancient Chinese idea of harmony, so that the two can complement each other and become integrated and innovative. On the one hand, efforts should be made to excavate and absorb ancient Chinese ideas of harmony, so that Marx's theory of free association can be nourished by rich Chinese culture, which will give a strong impetus to theoretical innovation of Marx's theory of free association to be adapted to the Chinese context and to our times. On the other hand, the power of truth from Marx's theory of free association activates the long-standing ancient Chinese idea of harmony, which will brim with renewed vitality, and vigorously promotes the practical innovation of building the association of free individuals in contemporary China with Chinese characteristics and Chinese style. 

Key words: free association, harmonious thought, conformity, integration and innovation; 

摘要： 基于“真正共同体”思想的马克思自由联合理论阐明了未来社会主义社会个人自由与社会联合的两大基本特征，提出了实现社会和谐与社会联合的科学观点。基于“和而不同”理念的中国古代和合思想包含了承认个体差异性、肯定社会和谐性与主张发展融合性等进步理念。马克思自由联合理论与中国古代思想家的和合思想既具有重要区别又具有内在一致性与高度契合性。因此，我们应当把马克思自由联合理论与中国古代和合思想有机结合起来，实现二者相得益彰、融合创新。一方面努力挖掘与吸收中国古代和合思想，使马克思自由联合理论获得丰富的中华文化滋养，有力推动理论创新，实现马克思自由联合理论的中国化时代化；另一方面，以马克思自由联合理论的真理力量激活源远流长的中国古代和合思想，使其焕发出蓬勃生机，有力推进当代中国建设自由人联合体的实践创新，构建中国特色、中国风格的自由人联合体。

关键词: 自由联合, 和合思想, 高度契合, 融合创新