Abstract: In the development of Marx's thought, the period when Doctoral Thesis was created is an important stage for his criticism of religion. This can be seen through examining the cultural background of the time that Marx lived at, David McLellans research on Marx and the Young Hegelians, and Marxs early experience and his early writings. By putting forward the concept of the declination of the atom, Doctoral Dissertation describes the atoms that all materials consist of and the repulsion of atoms as the material conditions and conditions of movement for the declination of the atom, respectively, and significantly refuted the traditional Christian theology that asserts that God created man and solved the problem of the origin of the world. Doctoral Dissertation not only represents the general criticism Marx lodges against religion, but also established its materialist philosophical stance, laying a solid foundation for the discovery of historical materialism.

Key words: Doctoral Dissertation, David McLellan, criticism of religion, the mystery of creation, materialist standpoint

摘要： 在马克思思想发展过程中，《博士论文》创作时期是其批判宗教的重要阶段，这可以通过研究马克思所处的时代文化背景、戴维·麦克莱伦对马克思与青年黑格尔派的研究、马克思早年履历以及马克思自身早期文本来确证。《博士论文》通过提出原子偏斜创世说，分别将构成物体的质料的原子和原子的排斥确立为原子偏斜创世的物质条件和动力条件，将上帝逐离创世现场，有力驳斥了基督教上帝创世教义、解决了世界起源问题，既初步实现了宗教批判，又确立了《博士论文》唯物的哲学立场，为唯物史观的发现奠定了坚实基础。

关键词: 《博士论文》, 戴维·麦克莱伦, 宗教批判, 创世之迷, 唯物立场