Abstract: Faced with great changes unseen in a century and strategic pressures from the United States and other Western countries, China firmly safeguards its core interests, actively integrates into the international community, assumes responsibilities of a great power, and promotes global governance and the construction of a community of a shared future for mankind. This requires the proper handling of the relations between carrying forward internationalism and safeguarding national interests. This article uses a historical comparative analysis in the way of inductive reasoning to explore a theory about how socialist countries deal with the relations between internationalism and national interests. Based on the definition of core concepts, and a study of such practices of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China in different historical periods, this article summarizes the principles, standards and requirements about how socialist countries deal with the relations between internationalism and national interests.

Key words: socialist countries, internationalism, national interests, practice and theory

摘要： 面对百年未有之大变局和美国等西方国家的战略压力，中国坚定地维护本国的核心利益，并积极融入国际社会，承担大国责任，推动全球治理和构建人类命运共同体，这需要恰当地处理发扬国际主义精神与维护国家利益的关系。本文采用归纳推理的方式并使用历史比较分析方法，旨在探讨社会主义国家处理国际主义与国家利益关系的理论。本文在界定核心概念的基础上，通过研究苏联和新中国在不同历史时期如何处理二者关系的实践，对社会主义国家处理国际主义与国家利益关系的原则、标准和要求进行了总结。

关键词: 社会主义国家, 国际主义, 国家利益, 实践与理论