Abstract: The relationship between government and enterprise is one of the basic problems in economics research. In this paper, the separation of government and enterprise, game theory, conspiracy theory and homogeneity theory are discussed. Then, from the perspective of state production, the author studies the evolution of the relationship between government and enterprises in the past 70 years, and points out that the relationship between government and enterprises in China is a typical cooperative relationship.In the first 30 years, the government and enterprises established the industrial system, state defense system and infrastructure system of new China through the direct and explicit cooperation model, which laid the foundation for the country's independence, and prosperity. In the last 40 years, the government and enterprises have promoted the state independent innovation strategy and realized China's industrial upgrading and industrial modernization through the direct and indirect cooperation model. From the perspective of political economy, the theoretical basis of governmententerprise partnership is the productive attribute of the state. The relationship between government and enterprise cooperation is one of the manifestations of China's state productive characteristics, which is determined by the fundamental purpose of socialism to develop the productive forces and realize the four modernizations, which is also the core of China's development path.

Key words: state theory, production attribute, governmententerprise cooperation, development productivity

摘要： 政府与企业的关系是经济学研究的基本问题之一。本文首先对政企“分离论”“博弈论”“合谋论”“同质论”等几种主要观点进行思辨；然后从国家的生产性视角考察新中国成立70年来政府与企业关系的演进过程，提出中国的政企关系是一种典型的合作关系。在前30年里，政企通过直接显性的合作模式建立了新中国的工业体系、国防体系和基础建设体系，为国家独立、自主、富强奠定了基础；在后40年里，政企通过直接和间接相结合的合作模式，助推国家自主创新战略，实现了中国的产业升级和工业现代化。从政治经济学角度看，政企合作关系的理论基础是国家的生产属性。政企合作的关系是中国国家生产性特征的体现之一，这种特征是由社会主义要发展生产力和实现四个现代化这一根本目的所决定的，这也是中国现代化发展道路的核心要义。

关键词: 国家理论, 生产属性, 政企合作, 发展生产力