Abstract: Nationalism was a progressive force and necessary ingredient of modernity in world history; meanwhile it became the source of international conflicts and one of the crises of modernityScience and individual rights implied in modernity are based on universal human reason, while nationalism manifests a particular emotion or ideologyThe tension between modernity and nationalism derives from the philosophical contradiction between universalism and particularismNowadays, nationalism has revived in an antiglobalization fashion, raising concerns throughout the worldHuman community with shared destiny project lays emphasis on shared interests of human kind and international positive duties, and suggests peaceful co-existence of all nations by inclusive dialogueThis project will be an effective way to cope with populism and to get out of modernity dilemma

Key words: nationalism, modernity, universalism, particularism, human community with shared destiny

摘要： 民族主义曾经是世界历史上一股积极的进步力量并由此构成现代性的重要内容，但极端民族主义所导致的族际和国际冲突同时成为现代性危机之一。现代性所包含的工具理性和个人权利相信人类理性的普遍效力，而民族主义则表现为一种特殊的情感和意识形态，现代性与民族主义冲突的背后是普遍主义与特殊主义的对立。21世纪的今天，民族主义以一种反全球化的姿态卷土重来，引发整个世界的担忧。人类命运共同体构想不仅强调人类的共同利益以及国家间的互助义务，而且主张通过文明对话促进文明间的相互借鉴，这一构想是应对全球化时代民族主义与现代性冲突的全新思路。

关键词: 民族主义, 现代性, 普遍主义, 特殊主义, 人类命运共同体