Abstract: From the perspective of comparative party system, the“newness” of contemporary Chinese party system is as follows: compared with the political party system of capitalism, it is based on scientific theory and adheres to the “class nature” of the essence of political parties, the“historic” of the basic features and the “inclusiveness” of cultural support. Compared with the political party system of other socialist countries, it is different from the legally competitive “multiparty system” that emerged in Russia after the October Revolution, and it is different from the “multiparty system” in the form of some socialist countries, but a noncompetitive “oneparty leadership, multiparty cooperation” system that plays an important role in real life. Compared with the choice of other political parties in modern Chinese history, the fact that the Western Republics “multiparty system” was copied in the early Republic of China and the Kuomintangs implementation of the “oneparty dictatorship” system failed, only the multiparty cooperation and political consultation system led by the Communist Party of China was the most suitable for Chinas national conditions. This system has been in operation for 70 years and is still alive and well, becoming a new type of party system in the world.

Key words: new party system , “oneparty system” , “twoparty system” , “multiparty system” , “oneparty dictatorship”

摘要： 从比较政党制度视角分析，作为一种新型政党制度的当代中国政党制度之“新”表现在：与资本主义国家政党制度相比，它建立在科学理论基础上，坚持政党本质属性的“阶级性”，基本特征的“历史性”，文化支撑的“包容性”；与其他社会主义国家政党制度相比，它既不同于十月革命后俄国出现的合法竞争型的“多党制”，也不同于有些社会主义国家形式上的“多党制”，而是一种在实际生活中发挥重要作用的非竞争型的“一党领导，多党合作”制度；与中国近代史上其他政党制度选择相比，民初照搬西方“多党制”（或想象“两党制”），以及国民党推行“一党专政”制度均告失败的事实说明，只有中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度才最适合中国国情。这一制度施行70年，依然生机勃勃，成为世界政党制度中的全新类型。

关键词: 新型政党制度 , “一党制&rdquo, “两党制&rdquo, “多党制&rdquo, “一党专政”