Abstract: Modern state is an important product of political modernizationBased on the historical experience of Europe,the social scientists developed a functional model,economic transaction model and war driven model to explain the formation of modern states in EuropeThese models provide the basic causal mechanisms for the formation of the modern stateWith the comparative study of political development,political scientists started to take the historical experience outside the European area into the theoretical study of the formation of the modern state,which has developed the elite conflict model,dynamic model of world politics and time series model of political developmentThese models have greatly expanded the situation adaptability of the state formation theory and demonstrated the influence of different countries background and environmental conditions on the state building

Key words: modern state , state formation , Europe , Comparative Politics

摘要： 现代国家是政治现代化的重要产物。基于欧洲的历史经验，社会科学家发展了功能主义模型、经济交易模型和战争驱动模型来解释现代国家在欧洲的形成。这些模型为揭示现代国家形成的动力提供了基本的因果机制。随着比较政治研究的发展，政治学家开始将欧洲以外地区的历史经验纳入到现代国家形成的理论探讨中，已经发展了精英冲突模型、世界政治的动态模型以及政治发展的时间序列模型。这些模型极大地拓展了国家形成理论的情境适应性，展现了不同国家的时空背景和环境条件对国家建设的影响。

关键词: 现代国家 , 国家形成 , 欧洲 , 比较政治