关键词: 阿尔都塞, 哲学观, 理论实践, 阶级斗争

Abstract: Althusser interprets Marxist philosophy through two critical dimensions: the relationship between philosophy and theory, and the relationship between philosophy and politics. In terms of the relationship between philosophy and theory, Althusser argues that Marxism adopts a stance of “primacy of practice”, rejecting the idealist “primacy of theory”. Marxist philosophy no longer seeks to construct an absolute system of knowledge but instead acknowledges the nonidentity between theory and reality, striving to unify them through the dialectics of contradictions under concrete historical conditions. Unlike critiques that lapse into theoreticism, this understanding positions Althussers definition of “philosophy and politics” as a deepening of “theoretical practice”. Althusser contends that philosophy is not a purely speculative endeavor but a key theoretical tool of ideology. The ruling class uses philosophy to legitimize its dominance, while Marxist philosophy serves to counteract it. Thus, Marxism is not a new philosophy of practice but a new practice of philosophy. This interpretation reveals the revolutionary essence of Marxist philosophy: it ceases to present itself as a vessel of absolute truth and instead becomes a theoretical weapon for transforming the world. Althussers interpretation offers significant inspiration for our understanding of the political and revolutionary nature of Marxist philosophy.

Key words: Althusser, philosophy view, theory and practice, class struggle