关键词: 葛兰西, “启蒙主体性”思路, 历史唯物主义

Abstract: While weakening the social interpretative framework of historical materialism, Western Marxism has readopted the idea of “subjectivity” in modern European Enlightenment philosophy. Within the framework of historical materialism, Gramscis philosophy has almost completely reshaped all the constituent elements and their interrelationships, which reflects in the most direct way the idea of “Enlightenment subjectivity” criticized by the Western Marxist capitalism. Due to the emphasis on the independence of the stages of ideological revolution in the field of society and history, civil society has been elevated to be at a critical height in the Marxist revolutionary sequence of historical stages, and the discussion on ideological problems in civil society have actually been placed above the Marxist economic analysis of class struggle. The absence of the dimension of production practices in Gramscis philosophy has led to the blurred definition of “organic intellectuals” while downplaying the historical legitimacy of “the proletariat and its party”, and finally, a theoretical tendency has been formed, in which cultural leadership takes precedence over or outweighs the real proletarian revolution.

Key words: Gramsci, the idea of “Enlightenment subjectivity”, historical materialism