主管：教育部
主办：中国人民大学
ISSN 0257-2826  CN 11-1454/G4
教学与研究

《教学与研究》 ›› 2012, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 56-62.DOI:

• 政治经济学前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

论单位商品价值量下降规律——回应“成正比”争议的第2个命题

 余斌1, 沈尤佳2   

  1. 中国社会科学院 马克思主义研究院；2.中国人民大学 马克思主义学院
  • 出版日期:2012-03-20 发布日期:2012-03-23
  • 作者简介:余斌，中国社会科学院研究员，主要研究方向为经济科学与公共管理；沈尤佳，中国人民大学讲师，经济学博士，主要研究方向为政治经济学。

On Unit Goods Value Decreasing with Increasing Labor Productivity
—A Response to Proposition Two in the Controversy over “Proportional to”

 YU  Bin-1, SHEN  You-Jia-2   

  1. 1. Academy of Marxism, Chinese Academy of Scocial Sciences, Beijing , China;
    2. School of Marxism Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing , China
  • Online:2012-03-20 Published:2012-03-23

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摘要： 成正比的争议涉及两个命题：一是，一定长度的工作日总是表现为相同的价值产品。二是，劳动生产率提高，单位商品价值量下降。本文回应的是关于第二个命题的争议。在这个问题的争议中，认为在劳动生产率提高时，劳动生产率与单位商品价值量成反比的规律将不再成立的人，即主张“成正比”的人，其论证的主要依据是建立在劳动生产率等于劳动复杂程度和劳动强度的假设上的。然而这个假设是不成立的。社会劳动生产率的水平本身“表现为一个工人在一定时间内，以同样的劳动力强度使之转化为产品的生产资料的相对量。”其与劳动强度和劳动的复杂程度没有直接的关系，甚至在很大程度上劳动生产率与劳动复杂程度是成反比的。更为重要的是，市场竞争是通过使商品便宜而不是使商品昂贵来进行的。如果劳动生产率的提高使得单位商品价值提高从而使商品变得昂贵，那么，资本家就不会用提高劳动生产率的方法来进行竞争。显然，这不是事实。

关键词: 成正比 , 劳动生产率 , 劳动强度 , 劳动复杂程度 , 单位商品价值量

Abstract: The debate over “proportional to” involves two propositions.The first: a working day of certain hours always represents product of the same Value; The second: unit goods value decreases with increasing labor productivity. This paper is a response to the Second Proposition. In the debate, those who are for “proportional to” hold the hypothesis that labor productivity equals to labor complexity and labor intensity. However, this hypothesis is incorrect. The degree of productivity of labour, in a given society, “is expressed in the relative extent of the means of production that one labourer, during a given time, with the same tension of labour power, turns into products”. Labor productivity is not directly related to labor intensity or labor complexity and to a great extent is inversely proportional to labor complexity. What is more important, market competition depends on lowering price of goods instead of raising it. If increasing labor productivity lead to a rise of unit goods value, capitalists would not have competed by raising labor productivity. Obviously, this is not the fact.

Key words: proportional to , labor productivity , labor intensity , labor complexity , unit goods value