关键词: 新型举国体制, 国家创新体系, 地方政府, 民营企业, 创新锦标赛

Abstract: The new system for mobilizing resources nationwide is an important institutional support for high-level selfreliance and strength in science and technology. Previous studies on this new system have usually focused on the connotation of “new” while tacitly assuming that “nationwide” refers to state actors such as the central government, stateowned enterprises, or national research institutes. However, the rise of enterprises such as DeepSeek and Unitree Robotics has prompted a reevaluation of the unique functions of subnational actors, including local governments and private enterprises. It is now recognized that the term “nationwide” in the new system involves not only stateowned enterprises or statelevel institutions, but rather the entire national innovation system that includes governments at different levels and enterprises of various ownership types. In the practice of the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide, local governments can be positioned as the specific executors of national strategies, stable suppliers of patient capital, local optimizers of the business environment, and public purchasers of innovative products, while private enterprises can be positioned as synthesizers of directions for scientific and technological breakthroughs, explorers of diversified technological pathways, leaders in the development of application scenarios, and supporters of the internalization of innovation chains. To improve the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide, it is necessary to fully mobilize the initiative of local governments and private enterprises. This necessitates maintaining a balance between longterm strategies and shortterm performance, between central directives and local autonomy, between strengthening and expanding stateowned enterprises and promoting the development of private enterprises, and between encouraging technological innovation and preventing monopoly in the market.

Key words: the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide, national innovation system, local governments, private enterprises, innovation campaign