关键词:  , 基本经济制度；形成脉络；理论创新；完善路径

Abstract: Upholding and improving the basic socialist economic system, unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector, and unswervingly encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of the nonpublic sector are theoretical achievements that the Communist Party of China (CPC) has explored over many years and are significant theoretical innovations in the political economy with Chinese characteristics. This paper reviews the history of the establishment and evolution of the ownership structure by the CPC since the founding of New China, elucidating its profound theoretical foundation of Marxist political economy and localized theoretical innovations. By scientifically defining the new connotations of “public ownership as the mainstay and diverse forms of ownership developing together” in the new era, and deeply analyzing the new challenges arising from profound changes in the domestic and international environment and the intertwining of multiple structural contradictions, this paper proposes promoting complementary advantages and common development among all forms of ownership on the basis of adhering to and implementing the policy of “two unswervingly”. At the micro level, enterprise governance and capability shortcomings need to be addressed; at the meso level, industrial collaboration and institutional integration must be strengthened; at the macro level, institutional coordination and policy implementation need to be reinforced. Only through systematic reforms involving “microlevel empowerment, mesolevel coordination, and macrolevel guarantee” can we promote different forms of ownership from mere “formal coexistence” towards “substantive symbiosis”, thereby truly unleashing the institutional dividends of “common development”.

Key words:  basic economic system, evolutionary process, theoretical innovation, improvement pathway