关键词: 《资本论》, 生命政治批判, 资本原始积累, 资本主义生产环节, 产业后备军, 日常生活

Abstract:  In Capital, grounded in a critique of political economy, Marx conducts a comprehensive critique of the biopolitics of capitalism across four interconnected dimensions: the primitive accumulation of capital, the capitalist production process, the industrial reserve army, and everyday life. As the historical starting point, the primitive accumulation of capital degrades the domestic populace into “bare life” through the deprivation of living conditions, and creates a “state of exception” in overseas colonies to achieve the absolute control of life by capital. The capitalist production process, as the fundamental site, synchronizes with the logic of capitalist biopolitics. It starts from the premise that labor power becomes a commodity, inherently revealing the secrets of capital power using biopolitical governance to discipline active workers in pursuit of value valorization. The industrial reserve army, serving as an implicit thread, constitutes a “state of exception” within the wage labor system. It is leveraged by capital power to exert pressure on the active labor army, with the aim of obscuring class contradictions and sustaining both political domination and economic exploitation. Everyday life, as a panoramic schema, extends the analytical scope of the critique of biopolitics from the production of surplus value to its realization, revealing the inhuman living conditions endured by the proletariat in terms of physical and mental health, the living environment, and spiritualmoral wellbeing. Exploring this body of thought holds significant theoretical value for illuminating the politicalphilosophical implications of Capital.

Key words: Capital, critique of biopolitics, primitive accumulation of capital, capitalist production process, industrial reserve army, everyday life