关键词: 后发国家, 非经济禀赋, 新制度经济学, 发展型国家, 增长激励

Abstract: Existing theoretical attempts to explain the growth of latedeveloping countries have generally evolved from explanations based on factor endowments and institutional environments to those on national capabilities and political incentives. This progression demonstrates an overall shift of research from structural determinism to political dynamism, specifically manifesting in the following three aspects: (1) transitioning from simple conceptual descriptions of phenomena to attributions grounded in structural factor endowments; (2) advancing beyond singular economic factors towards incorporating noneconomic elements such as institutional factors, policy choices and implementation, and nationspecific attributes; and (3) extending analytical focus from structural endowments to state dynamic elements and ultimately to political incentives for growth. Within this framework, incentive dynamism around political patronage and rent distribution have emerged as crucial perspectives for reexamining latedevelopment in the coming decade. Future scholarship should further extend and refine the political explanatory framework for latedevelopment, theoretically avoiding simple conceptualization and structural determinism while fully exploring political incentives and dynamic mechanisms behind changes in economic growth rates as potential breakthrough for theoretical innovation and paradigm shift. In practice, it should deepen the understanding of power relations within Global South nations and facilitate the implementation of the Global Development Initiative.

Key words: late-developing countries, noneconomic endowments, new institutional economics, developmental states, growth incentives