关键词: 中国共产党, 党的领导制度, 高校党委制, 党管高校

Abstract: Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in governing the country, establishing the system of “the Partys leadership over higher education institutions” and exercising the Partys leadership over higher education institutions are important issues facing the higher education in China. In the early years of the Peoples Republic of China, higher education institutions implemented the “president responsibility system” and established the Partys leadership over these institutions by strategically deploying Party members and cadres, promoting the establishment of Party organizations, and establishing political work systems. As shortcomings in the president responsibility system became increasingly evident, the CPC reformed the institutional framework to explore more effective mechanisms for implementing the Partys leadership over higher education institutions. In 1956, in accordance with the spirit of the Eighth National Congress of the CPC and the provisions of the Party Constitution, higher education institutions explored transitioning from the president responsibility system to the Party committee system in practice, for which the CPC Central Committee did not have specific regulations yet. After the Partys rectification movement in 1957, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the “Instructions on Education Work” in 1958, which clearly defined this system as “a responsibility system of the school affairs committee under the leadership of the Party committee”. In response to the deviations in the implementation of the system after the “education revolution”, the system was developed into “a responsibility system of the school affairs committee headed by the president under the leadership of the Party committee”, as stated in “Sixty Articles on Higher Education” in 1961 that the Party organizations at the level of departments and teaching and research sections played a supervisory and supportive role. After the institutional construction and practical exploration during this historical period, the Party committee system has become a fundamental institutional arrangement for the CPCs leadership over higher education institutions, laying the institutional foundation for the mature and finalized “president responsibility system under the leadership of the Party committee” in the new period.

Key words: the Communist Party of China, the Partys leadership system, the Party committee system in higher education institutions, the Party's leadership over higher education institutions