关键词: 生产过程, 科学技术, 劳动异化, 新型生产关系

Abstract: The scientific and technological revolution is an important factor in promoting the development of human productivity and a source of motivation for improving labor productivity. The history of world economy shows that the efficiency of the application of science and technology in the process of material production is not stable. The socalled efficiency includes two aspects: the quality of the material output of science and technology and the scope and degree of its application, with its core influencing factor being the institutional environment. In Critique of Political Economy (manuscript 1861—1863), Marx finds that the essence of capitalist reproduction is to expand reproduction, and the bourgeoisie will have an endogenous incentive to strengthen the research and development of science and technology in order to seize more surplus value in production. Moreover, the intensification of capital competition has led individual capital to continuously increase the organic composition of capital and set up barriers under the premise of market dominance, thus inhibiting the speed of scientific and technological upgrades and innovations. Private ownership of the means of production determines that the efficiency of science and technology application in the process of capitalist reproduction is far lower than its due level, thus resulting in the coexistence of absolute insufficiency and relative surplus in the production of material resources. This reflects the cyclical crisis inherent in the process of capitalist reproduction. In the socialist production process, capital and labor do not stand in strict opposition to each other, and the efficiency of scientific and technological application can be maximally released through the transformation and adjustment of production relations.

Key words: production process, science and technology, labor alienation, new production relations