关键词: 中国现代国家, 国家“再造”, 县政转型, 南京国民政府, 历史政治学

Abstract: County governance, as the cornerstone of greatpower politics, is a foundational and crucial part of China's modern statebuilding. The Kuomintang's “state rebuilding”, as a form of statebuilding during a specific historical period, interacted with and shaped the transformation of county governance. The notion of “state rebuilding” proposed by Sun Yatsen emphasized implementing local autonomy at the county level to achieve modern statebuilding based on the “Three Peoples Principles”. However, the Kuomintang later deviated from Sun Yatsens vision of “state rebuilding”, leading to distortions in the transformation of county governance. From the grand historical perspective of Chinas modern statebuilding, the state rebuilding and the transformation of county governance led by the Kuomintang could only be transitional. The Communist Party of China has achieved state rebuilding and the reconstruction of county governance through thorough social revolution, and its model of “county governance by and for the people” has been evidently a historical leap. This study takes history both as its object and methodology, offering a novel interdisciplinary perspective and understanding from the perspective of historical political science for comprehending and interpreting the theories of Chinas modern state and local politics.

Key words: China's modern state, state rebuilding, transformation of county governance, the Nanjing National Government, historical political science