关键词: 国际体系, 发展动力, 变革逻辑, 现实主义, 马克思主义

Abstract: This paper provides a systematic analysis of the theory of realism represented by Robert Gilpin on the development dynamics and transformation logic of the international system, and compares it with Marxist international relations theory. This paper argues that both realism and Marxism are theories that emphasize the primacy of substance and hold many similar views on the development dynamics and transformation logic of the international system. Both theories emphasize that economic growth and military innovation caused by technological revolutions are the fundamental driving forces for the transformation of the international system. Furthermore, both theories believe that the transformation logic of the international system is the incompatibility between the economic base and the superstructure, and that changes in the international balance of power will eventually lead to struggles around and changes in the international order. However, compared with realism, Marxist international relations theory has a broader perspective. The neglect of the nature of the state and the lack of criticism of the inequality of the international system are the shortcomings of realist international relations theory, which also leads to their differences in terms of the direction and possibility of change in the international system. Marxist theory can provide a powerful explanation for the profound changes that are taking place at all levels of the international system, especially on why China proposes to build a new type of international relations and a community with a shared future for mankind.

Key words: international system, development dynamics, transformation logic, realism, Marxism