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Two Conceptions of Democracyin the May 4th Movement Period
Zhu Zhimin
Teaching and Research
1998, (3):
39-45.
In the period of May 4th Movement when cultural and ideological activities were intensive and popular existed two different conceptions of democracy, namely, conception of “the populace" and conception of “the elite". Democratic conception of “the populace" emphasized ideas of “human rights", “national politics", and “labors are sacred". People in this camp called for realization of democracy through citizens’ participation of politics, wide-spread education and liberation of the common people on the basis of destruction of inequality in all kinds of political systems. Democratic conception of “the elite", on the other hand, emphasized ideas of “personality" and “politics of the elite". People in this camp called for realization of democracy through perfection of personality, development of individuals and politics of the cream within the framework of the existing system. Both conceptions are the results of observation of and retrospection over the social realities of China. They were from different angles, though. Both had their good points and contradicting ideas or defects as well. That marxism became generally accepted and actualized in the end on the basis of the democratic conception of “the populace" is obviously a correct and intelligent choice proved by history.
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