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On the Ideas about Production Relations in "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844" and "The Holy Family"

ZHAO Jia-xiang

Teaching and Research 2011, (7): 32-39.

Abstract （1404）

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Although Marx did not propose the concept of production relations in his work "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844",he did include the contents and basic ideas of production relations in the essential concept of alienated labor in that work.The idea of production relations continued and was further elaborated in his work "The Holy Family" coauthored with Engels.

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On Definition of and Attitude towards Marxism(Ⅱ)

ZHAO Jia-xiang

Teaching and Research 2010, (8): 41-47.

Abstract （1127）

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The paper defines Marxism from the perspectives of its scientific connotation,internal structure,basic characters,theoretical quality and social ideals.The paper also discusses the proper attitude towards Marxism.It holds that Marxism functions as guidelines for action instead of merely being doctrines.Marxism has been continuo usly developing in the course of practice,and it should be further enriched under the new historical situation.

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Reflection on the Future and Destiny of Socialism from a New Perspective

ZHAO Jia-xiang

Teaching and Research 2009, (10): 52-59.

Abstract （1164）

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The paper systematically examines the ideas Marx,Engels and Lenin have expressed,such as the ideas that socialism and communism is a global and historical cause,and ideas about a shift of revolutionary center in the world,and interaction of revolution in the east and the west.The ultimate goal of these ideas is to promote victory of socialism and communism in the world.However,not only didn’t these anticipation and expectation of a world of socialism come true,but also events like the disintegration of Soviet Union and social turmoil in East Europe took place between the late 1980s and early 1990s.The author maintains that the historcal lessens and the reality that socialism is at its low tide lead us to discover in the classical works of Marxism ideas that somehow have been neglected during a certain historical period but now appears prominent and relevant to the present situation.That is,the idea that socialism can be bred and cultivated within capitalism.This idea can be of great theoretical and practical significance because it may offer insightful guidance for us to properly understand the future and destiny of socialism,and thus strengthen our beliefs that socialism shall win.

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On Discussions about Theories of Five Forms and Three Forms——In Response to Papers Written by Professor DUAN Zhong-qiao and Professor XI Zhao-yong

ZHAO Jia-xiang

Teaching and Research 2006, (6): 38-44.

Abstract （1362）

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This paper attempts to make three points.First,Professor DUAN and Professor XI seem to have oversimplified the complicated issue concerning "the various forms before capitalist production" and their disorganization discussed by Marx in his work The Manuscripts;Second,Professor DUAN and Professor XI seem to have been confused about the Asiatic,ancient and feudal modes of production Marx discussed in The Preface with the original forms of Asiatic,ancient and Germanic ownership of land mentioned by Marx in The Manuscripts;Thirdly,Professor XI seems to have misunderstood the relation between the theory of three social forms and the theory of five social forms raised by Marx.

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Doubt on “Conflicts between Marx and Engles”

ZHAO Jia-xiang

Teaching and Research 2005, (5): 42-48.

Abstract （1264）

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Some scholars both at home and abroad hold that there exist not only differences but also conflicts between Marx and Engels. They have identified two conflicts. First, on the relation between human society and nature, Marx provokes unity of the two, while Engels maintains that human society and nature are conflicting. Second, about the subjectivity or objectivity of development of history, Marx emphasizes the importance of human activities, while Engels holds the position of me chanical determinism, stressing the importance of following the objective rules. Based on evidence from the works by Marx and Engels, the author claims that the philosophy of Marx and Engels are basically the same and the claim “conflicts exist between Marx and Engels” does not hold water and is not true. The author also explains that Marx and Engels have basically the same ideas by referring to their cooperation in founding and explaining new theories.

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