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A Comparative Study of Ideas of Freedom and Inevitability by Engels and Lenin
PAN Ning
Teaching and Research
2010, (4):
22-28.
The relationship between freedom and inevitability is a question of the subjective will of man and the objective law of the world.Engels,in his work of "Anti-Duhring",drew on Hegel’ dialectic ideas of freedom and inevitability and introduced practical materialism to the view of freedom.He admitted that recognition of the objective inevitability was a pre-requisite of freedom,and that freedom came from awareness of inevitability.He also referred to materialism and dialecticism to discuss the relation between freedom and inevitability.According to Engels,freedom meant application of objective regularity and manipulation of the world,and freedom was the product of historical development.Using this as the logical point of departure,Lenin cited the ideas of Engels to explain four cognitive premises of the relationship between freedom and inevitability in his work "Materialism and Experiential Criticism".Lenin emphasized that materialism recognized the inevitability of nature through the understanding that consciousness was second to material.He conducted an in-depth exploration of the dialectic relations of the inevitability of nature,man’s cognition and man’s will power.Lenin pointed out that freedom was subordinated to the objective inevitability.Freedom was "blind inevitability" transferred to the perceived "inevitability for the self".He claimed that practice meant realization of the transfer from inevitability to freedom,which was a crucial step for man to become master of nature.Thus,Lenin upgraded Engels’idea of freedom and inevitability.
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