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Appiahs Thought of Individuality and Identity

Sun Kai-lin, Li Shu-mei

Teaching and Research

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On Evolution of Marx’s View on Freedom and Equality

LI Shu-mei

Teaching and Research 2008, (6): 51-57.

Abstract （1170）

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With the rise and growth of the market economy in the west,theorists have directed their attention to economic relations and labor.They define human relations merely in the sense of commodity exchange.Based on this understanding,they argue for general freedom and equality,and for integration of individual interests and common interests from the perspective of the capitalist civil society.They discuss human freedom and equality by referring to the Abstract ethical practice,and thus consider political states to be integration of specific interests and general interests.Marx,however,analyzed the exchange and political ethical relations in the light of material relations with the labor of individual workers as the point of departure.He revealed the conflicts among different classes and falsity of general freedom and equality under the capitalist system.He emphasized that exchange of commodities takes place in the field of material production governed by necessity for human existence,which belongs to the realm of necessity.Only by changing the capitalist economic and political system can the realm of freedom be realized where people are able to enjoy free time with equal rights.

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Habermas’s Epistemology of Critical Reflection and Its Implications

LI Shu-mei

Teaching and Research 2004, (8): 5-12.

Abstract （1085）

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Habermas’s epistemology is marked by critical reflection and released interest. Through retrospect from Kant to Marx in the history of philosophy, Habermas criticized the objectivism of positivism in denying self-reflection and emphasizing only the experienced facts. In the light of this he established his epistemology based on interest and interactive reflection between interest and knowledge. He placed special stress on the function of released interest in this epistemology, believing that released interest manifested a higher level of cognition in form of conscious social critical reflection. And this, he expressed, is the prerequisite of understanding technological interest and practical interest.

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Discovery Basis for Philosophical Practice and Revolution in Philosophy

LI Shu-mei

Teaching and Research 2001, (7): 33-38.

Abstract （978）

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The author points out that prior to Marx understanding of practice of modern philosophy was based on “society of townspeople”. It was Marx who discovered the nature of philosophical practice as being “activities of revolution and realistic criticism”, claiming it the realistic basis of philosophy. Thus a fundamental revolution of philosophy was completed. In the light of this theory, reliability of philosophy does not lie in the prerequisite of “unquestionable” logic, but in reasonably understanding practice in reality. Practice is the origin of dialectics, and “revolutionary and critical” activities conform to the spirit of dialectics. The author elaborates that practice is the interactive process between man and nature and interactive process among human beings. The fact that these two relations may function as media of interaction makes the development of practice the dialectic historical process of alienation and sublating alienation.

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Historic Conception of Philosophy and Its Changes

LI Shu-mei

Teaching and Research 2000, (3): 17-23.

Abstract （1102）

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Contemporary historic philosophy is speculative. It arbitrarily forms a set of abstract historic conceptions for all times. The author maintains that the change of historic conception in modern Western philosophy from historic ontology to historic epistemology is but a change in form. Marxist historic conception, however, is the one that has really gone through an essential change in historic conception.

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