Abstract: County governance, as the cornerstone of greatpower politics, is a foundational and crucial part of China's modern statebuilding. The Kuomintang's “state rebuilding”, as a form of statebuilding during a specific historical period, interacted with and shaped the transformation of county governance. The notion of “state rebuilding” proposed by Sun Yatsen emphasized implementing local autonomy at the county level to achieve modern statebuilding based on the “Three Peoples Principles”. However, the Kuomintang later deviated from Sun Yatsens vision of “state rebuilding”, leading to distortions in the transformation of county governance. From the grand historical perspective of Chinas modern statebuilding, the state rebuilding and the transformation of county governance led by the Kuomintang could only be transitional. The Communist Party of China has achieved state rebuilding and the reconstruction of county governance through thorough social revolution, and its model of “county governance by and for the people” has been evidently a historical leap. This study takes history both as its object and methodology, offering a novel interdisciplinary perspective and understanding from the perspective of historical political science for comprehending and interpreting the theories of Chinas modern state and local politics.

Key words: China's modern state, state rebuilding, transformation of county governance, the Nanjing National Government, historical political science

摘要： 县政作为大国政治的基石，其现代转型是中国现代国家构建的基础和关键一环。国民党的国家“再造”作为特定历史阶段的国家构建，与县政转型互动互塑。孙中山的国家“再造”强调以县为单位推行地方自治，进而实现“三民主义”的现代国家构建。但国民党后来背离了孙中山的国家“再造”理念，县政转型也由此发生曲变。从中国现代国家的大历史来看，国民党主导的国家“再造”和县政转型只能是过渡性的。中国共产党通过彻底的社会革命实现了国家重建和县政重建，其“人民县政”模式显然是一种历史性超越。这一研究既是以历史为对象，也是以历史为方法，为理解和阐释中国现代国家及地方政治理论尝试提供一种跨学科的历史政治学新视角与新认识。

关键词: 中国现代国家, 国家“再造”, 县政转型, 南京国民政府, 历史政治学