Abstract: Since the escalation of the Ukraine crisis in 2022, the European Union (EU)s military aid to Ukraine has been stretched thin, exposing the capacity gap in its own defence industry when dealing with the security crisis. Driven by geopolitical imperatives and the pursuit of strategic autonomy, the EU officially launched the European Defence Industrial Strategy and the European Defence Industrial Development Programme, aiming to bolster the EUs defence industrial production capacities and accelerate the transition towards defence industrial integration and autonomy. This strategy has established a culture of “defence readiness”, attempting to enhance the defence industrial capacities of the EU through expanded investment and promote the development of its technological autonomy. However, challenges such as internal divisions within the EU, the US factor, and the EUs eroding industrial capacities will create certain obstacles for the implementation of this strategy. Exploring the policy implications, underlying drivers, and constraints of the EUs defence industrial strategy is of great reference significance for accurately grasping the characteristics and future trends of the EUs security and defence construction in recent years.

Key words: the European Union, national defence industrial strategy, strategic autonomy, geopolitics

摘要： 2022年乌克兰危机升级以来，欧盟对乌克兰的军事援助捉襟见肘，暴露出欧盟在应对安全危机时自身国防工业的产能缺口。在地缘政治和战略自主的考量下，欧盟正式出台《欧洲国防工业战略》和相应《欧洲国防工业计划》，旨在提高欧盟国防工业生产能力，加速推动国防工业一体化和自主化转型。该战略确定了“防御准备”的战备文化，试图通过扩大投资增强欧盟的国防工业能力，并推动欧盟技术自主的发展。然而，由于欧盟内部分歧、美国因素和欧盟自身工业能力退化等因素，欧盟国防工业战略实施仍将受到不少阻力。探究欧盟国防工业战略的政策内涵、出台动因及其制约因素，对于准确把握欧盟近年来安全与防务建设特点及未来走向具有重要参考意义。

关键词: 欧盟, 国防工业战略, 战略自主, 地缘政治