Abstract: A crucial pivot in understanding Chinese socialist political economics lies in the organic integration of public ownership with a market economy, and the reform of stateowned enterprises is the most central theoretical component of this pivot. Starting from the three propositions of Marxist enterprise theory, the noncontractual relationship, namely the lack of personalized capital and the absence of labor property rights in traditional stateowned enterprises, has become a key cause of the efficiency dilemma of stateowned enterprises. Therefore, the reconstruction of the twotier laborers contracts returning to the “general enterprise” becomes the crux of Chinas microtomacro marketoriented reforms. After three stages of reform exploration, the focus has shifted from enhancing profit efficiency to improving core competitiveness and functions, further putting forward the practical requirements for deepening reform of special stateowned enterprises that balances both the dual function of “profitpublic” and the dual mechanism of “administrationmarket”. Given the specific features of institutional contracts and market contracts and their heterogeneous functional adaptability, the deepening of the reform necessitates the development of mixedtype laborers contracts. 

Key words: the reform of stateowned enterprises, laborer contracts, labor contracts, institutional contracts, Marxist enterprise theory

摘要： 公有制与市场经济的有机结合是理解中国社会主义政治经济学的重要枢纽，国有企业改革是该枢纽中最为核心的理论构成。从马克思主义企业理论的三个命题出发，传统国有企业的非契约关系即人格化资本缺失与劳动力产权缺位问题成为国有企业效率困境的关键诱因，回归“企业一般”的双层劳动者契约重建工作相应成为中国微观—宏观市场化改革的核心要义。历经三阶段改革探索，改革任务在国有企业效率提升中发生转换：由着力增进营利效能转向提高核心竞争力与增强核心功能，进而对打造兼具“营利—公共”双重职能与“行政—市场”二元机制的特殊性国有企业提出改革深化的现实要求。基于体制型契约与市场型契约的具体特征及异质功能适配性，改革深化要求劳动者契约实现混合式发展。

关键词: 国有企业改革, 劳动者契约, 劳动力契约, 体制型契约, 马克思主义企业理论