Abstract: Xi Jinping mentions the term “production function” for the first time in the article “Understanding the New Development Stage, Applying the New Development Philosophy, and Creating a New Development Dynamic” and calls for the innovation of the production function. The function itself is a relation, but the production function that emphasizes the external reference to nature is not the same as the production relations. Productivity in the broad sense corresponds to the production function, and the production relations are components of productivity. Even in the narrow technical definition of productivity, production relations mediate the integration of different levels of productivity and join the process of productivity formation. Analogous to Newtons first law of motion (also known as the law of inertia), this paper introduces “the first law of motion of productivity”: productivity remains in its original state of motion or at rest until an external force forces it to change its state of motion. This paper finds that in the normal interaction of “production relations” and “productivity”, productivity determines production relations, and production relations react on productivity; while the two are in an extraordinary state of interlocking, changes in production relations create new productive forces. Regarding “capital”, an important production relation, this paper, based on Marxs analysis, argues that the “production” of capital is indirect and cannot be placed alongside the direct labor and material factors in the production function. This paper also makes methodological reflections on the construction of the production function.

Key words: productivity, production relations, functional form, datagenerating process

摘要： 习近平在《把握新发展阶段，贯彻新发展理念，构建新发展格局》一文中首次提及“生产函数”，并要求革新生产函数。函数本身是一种关系，但生产函数并不等同于生产关系，强调对自然界的外指性。广义的生产力对应着生产函数，并且生产关系是生产力的组成部分。即使在狭义的技术性生产力定义中，生产关系也是不同层次的生产力的整合中介，进入生产力的形成过程。类比“牛顿第一运动定律（惯性律）”，本文引入“生产力第一运动定律”：生产力保持原运动或静止状态，直到外力迫使它改变运动状态为止。本文发现：当生产关系与生产力处于常态互动交往时，生产力决定生产关系，生产关系反作用于生产力；当生产关系与生产力处于相互锁定的非常态时，生产关系的变革创生新的生产力。对于“资本”这一重要的生产关系，本文依据马克思的分析判定资本的“生产要素性”具有间接性，不能在生产函数中与直接性的劳动和物质要素处于并列位置。本文还对生产函数的建构进行了方法论上的思考。

关键词: 生产力, 生产关系, 函数形式, 数据产生过程