Abstract: The institutional environment of representative politics in the West determines that populism must reach the masses through party politics. Since the 90s of the 20th century, populist parties have sprung up in Europe, forming a leftright divide along both economic and cultural lines, each pursuing political goals in parliament or government. Populist parties have long been active in Europe, providing an optimal perspective on how populism affects national governance. From the experience of Europe, on the one hand, populist parties have shown strong electoral and mobilization capabilities due to their expertise in issue politics, identity politics, and passion politics; while on the other hand, they have failed to demonstrate credible leadership and governance capabilities given their inability to build social consensus and fulfil electoral commitments and the potential to be stuck in singleissue politics. There are few opportunities for populist parties in Europe to truly come to power, but their impact on national governance is farreaching, especially in terms of repoliticization of national governance, the prevalence of antagonistic thinking, and the pursuit of shortterm political effects. Currently, populism has become a new variable with a unique impact on national governance. Coexistence with populism is a rising challenge that mainstream political parties in Europe are facing.

Key words: populism, national governance, European party politics, antiestablishment, good governance

摘要： 欧洲民粹主义政党的长期活跃，为观察民粹主义如何影响国家治理提供了最佳视角。20世纪90年代以来，欧洲民粹主义政党大量涌现，并在经济和文化的分歧线上形成左右分野，各自追求着在议会或政府中的政治目标。欧洲民粹主义的政党经验极具反差性，一方面，政党因擅长议题政治、认同政治和激情政治而表现出极强的选举与动员能力，另一方面，因无法凝聚社会共识、难以兑现选举承诺和困于单一议题而无法展现可信的领导与治理能力。欧洲民粹主义政党真正上台执政的机会甚少，但是对国家治理影响深远，尤其反映在国家治理的再政治化、对抗思维盛行以及追求短期政治效应等方面。当前，民粹主义已成为对国家治理有独特影响的新变量，如何与民粹主义共存是欧洲主流政党正在面对的新考验。

关键词: 民粹主义, 国家治理, 欧洲政党政治, 反建制, 良政善治