Abstract: So far, among the changes in the theoretical orientation of the English School, there are four research approaches to international organizations: the classic English School, solidarism, the regional turn, and the practice turn. The different theoretical approaches of the British school have always focused on the two main themes of whether international organizations have the attributes of being international social institutions and the relationship between international organizations and the international social institutions. The theoretical orientation of the classic English school determines that international organizations do not possess the attributes of being international social institutions, but have an impact on the functioning of international social institutions, while solidarism also fails to recognize that international organizations have features of international social institutions, but sees international organizations as a tool for institutionalizing human rights. The regional turn and the practice turn both regard international organizations as secondary institutions of international social institutions, while the former believes that there is a conditional oneway relationship between the primary international social institutions and international organizations and the later proposes a dialectical interconnection between them.

Key words: the English School, international organization, international social institutions, theoretical orientation

摘要： 迄今为止，在英国学派的理论取向变化中，存在经典英国学派、社会连带主义转向、地区转向和实践转向四种国际组织研究进路。英国学派的不同理论取向始终围绕国际组织是否具备国际社会制度属性以及国际组织与国际社会制度关系两大主题对国际组织展开研究。经典英国学派的理论取向，决定了国际组织不具备国际社会制度属性，但国际组织对国际社会制度发挥作用产生影响；社会连带主义转向依然未承认国际组织的国际社会制度属性，但将国际组织视为人权制度化的工具；地区转向将国际组织视为国际社会的次级制度，认为首要制度与国际组织之间存在有条件的单向关系；实践转向继承了国际组织的次级制度属性，提出首要制度与国际组织之间存在辩证的互构关系。

关键词: 英国学派, 国际组织, 国际社会制度, 理论取向