Abstract: From the Paris Manuscripts, Theses on Feuerbach to The German Ideology, Marx has replaced the “cognitive subject” with the “practical subject” through the revolution of subjectivity, and gained a good command of the mutual generative relationship between subject and object in perceptual practical activities, effectively overcoming the dichotomy of subject and object in the modern philosophy of subjectivity. A scientific view of praxis has been established. The establishment of the scientific concept of praxis and the completion of the subjectivity revolution consist of three theoretical links from “estranged labor”, “sensuous practice” to “all-sided production”, forming a logic of proceeding from the concrete to the abstract and then to the concrete. The key is the reconstruction of the concept of practice as “laborproduction”, which unifies the principle of self-consciousness in the concept of labor and the principle of materiality in the concept of production, and thus constructs the theoretical link between the critique of philosophy and the critique of social history. In this way, it achieves the dialectical unification of the objective and the subjective in the materialist view of history. 

Key words: Marx, revolution of subjectivity, estranged labor, sensuous praxis, allsided production

摘要： 从《巴黎手稿》《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》到《德意志意识形态》，马克思通过主体性革命，以“实践主体”取代“认知主体”，把握到主体与客体在感性实践活动中的相互生成关系，有效克服了近代主体性哲学中的主客体二分困境，确立了科学的实践观。科学实践观的确立与主体性革命的完成包含了从“异化劳动”“感性实践”到“全面生产”三个理论环节，形成了从具体到抽象再到具体的演进逻辑。其核心是借由对实践概念的“劳动—生产”化重构，将劳动概念中的自我意识原则与生产概念中的物质第一性原则相统一，进而打通了哲学批判和社会历史批判的理论关节，实现了唯物主义历史观中主体向度和客观向度的辩证统一。

关键词: 马克思, 主体性革命, 异化劳动, 感性实践, 全面生产