Abstract: Viewed from the development of the human society, the profound changes unseen in a century are fundamentally the crisis of the traditional development paradigm and the corresponding crisis of global climate change. The Earth has entered into the epoch of Anthropocene dominated by human beings, with human activities becoming the major driving force of the dynamic changes of the Earth system. Due to China's population and economic size, increasingly profound complex ecological relations have emerged between China and the world in terms of material exchanges, mutual institutional construction, and conceptual integration; China has become a crucial actor in influencing and reshaping a desirable ecological environment in the world. In such a context, four missions are associated with China's development and transformation. First, China needs to solve the major contradictions in the Chinese society in the new era so as to lay a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. Second, it is expected to provide experiences and inspirations for the numerous late developing countries to explore a new development path, and expand the approaches to modernization. Third, it shall make its own contribution to global green development and lowcarbon transformation, and facilitate the transformation to a low or zerocarbon economic model in the world. And fourth, with its successful development transformation, it is expected to introduce a powerful impetus to a newtype world order in building a community with a shared future for mankind. When fulfilling these missions, China is constrained by its coalintensive energy structure, the rigid demand for economic growth, and some external factors such as the joint containment of China's scientific and technological innovation by the United States and Europe, and the return of political realism due to the shock of deglobalization and the COVID19 pandemic. China has to work at the strategic level of building a community with a shared future for mankind, keep in mind both domestic and international imperatives, and embrace the global trend of carbon neutrality in a more active way.

Key words: profound changes unseen in a century, community with a shared future for mankind, Anthropocene, complex ecological relations

摘要： 从人类社会发展的深层次来看，百年变局是传统发展范式危机以及与之相应的全球气候变化危机。地球已经进入一个由人类主导的人类世，人类活动已经成为地球系统动态变化的主要驱动力。鉴于中国本身的人口和经济规模，中国与世界在物质互通、制度互构和理念互融几个层面已经形成日益深入的复合生态关系，中国已经成为影响并重塑世界良好生态环境的关键性力量。在此背景下，中国的发展转型肩负着四重使命：为解决新时代中国社会的主要矛盾，为中华民族的永续发展奠定坚实基础；为广大后发的发展中国家探寻新发展道路提供经验借鉴和启示，拓展走向现代化的途径；为推动全球性绿色发展潮流和低碳转型作出中国的贡献，推动世界向低碳或零碳经济模式转型；通过自身的成功发展转型，为构建人类命运共同体下的新型世界秩序注入强大动力。中国实现这些使命也面临着来自内部高煤炭的能源结构、经济增长的刚性需要，以及来自外部的美欧联合限制中国科技创新、“逆全球化”与新冠肺炎疫情冲击下现实主义政治回归等因素的制约。中国必须从构建人类命运共同体的战略高度出发，统筹国际国内两个大局，以更加积极的姿态融入当前的全球“碳中和”潮流。

关键词: 百年未有之大变局, 人类命运共同体, 人类世, 复合生态关系