Abstract: Epicurus is closely related to the modern Enlightenment tradition. Epicurus in England and  Epicurus in the Enlightenment systematically outline the influence of Epicurus in the European Enlightenment thoughts during the 16th-18th centuries. The former book reveals the history of how Epicurus was received in the English world and the resultant effects; while the latter examines by country Epicureanism in the Enlightenment around the 18th century. In a sense, Hobbes's critique of Aristotle's political thoughts represents an inheritance of the tradition of Epicurus. Via the medium of Epicurus, we can get a better understanding of the intellectual relations between Marx and the modern Enlightenment tradition during the period of Marx's Doctoral Dissertation, and the Enlightenment factor in the early development of Marx's political philosophy.

Key words: Marx, Doctoral Dissertation, Epicurus, modern Enlightenment tradition, Hobbes

摘要： 伊壁鸠鲁与近代启蒙传统关系密切。《伊壁鸠鲁在英格兰》和《启蒙运动中的伊壁鸠鲁》两本专著较为系统地勾勒了16—18世纪欧洲启蒙思想中的伊壁鸠鲁因素。前者揭示了伊壁鸠鲁在英语世界的接受史和效果史，后者则按国别考察了18世纪前后启蒙运动中的伊壁鸠鲁主义。从某种意义上说，霍布斯对亚里士多德政治思想的批评，正是传承了伊壁鸠鲁传统。通过“伊壁鸠鲁”这一中介，我们能更好地理解马克思《博士论文》时期与近代启蒙传统之间的思想关系，理解马克思政治哲学思想发展初期的启蒙背景。

关键词: 马克思, 《博士论文》, 伊壁鸠鲁, 近代启蒙传统, 霍布斯