Abstract: The theory of realism of international relation was originally a “theoretical discovery” based on historical narratives, however, the theory of structural realism, known as neorealism, became the dehistoricized “theoretical innovation” and finally declined because it could not explain the great transformation of the worldTo solve these problems, the historical political science could enable us to rethink the theory of realismIn the tradition of historical political science, the “history” has not only methodology level, but also ontology levelHistorical Political Science suggested that the “stateness” in the fundamental attribute of the stateOn the one hand, great power with specific “stateness” pursue the “balance of the power”; one the other hand, they are imperialist in the face nonwestern countriesRealism is the theory of international relations, while imperialism is the theory of world politicsThe upgraded version of the latter is “capitalist world economy” or “world political system”, which is regarded as the “free world order” by the West

Key words: historical political science, the theory of realism of international relation, stateness, the theory of imperialism of world politics

摘要： 现实主义国际政治理论本来是基于历史描述的一种“理论发现”，但被称为新现实主义理论的结构现实主义却在科学哲学的旗帜下变成一种非历史的“理论发明”，最终因不能解释时代的巨变而式微。历史政治学赋予现实主义理论更多的理论发现，历史政治学中的“历史”不但是历史主义的方法论，更是一种本体论意义上的实践和存在。历史政治学告诉我们，现实主义政治的主体有其特殊的“国家性”，而且具有特殊“国家性”的大国旨在达成“均势”政治的时候，同时对非西方国家则奉行赤裸裸的帝国主义政治，这是现实主义的一体两面，也是认识世界政治的方法论。现实主义理论是国际关系理论，而帝国主义理论则是一种世界政治理论，其理论升级版则是“资本主义世界经济体”，理论的层次性决定了观察问题角度的多样性和复杂性。

关键词: 历史政治学, 现实主义国际政治理论, 国家性, 帝国主义世界政治理论