Abstract: In the process of public administration, the rational bureaucracy plays a key role in the organization of public administration, the production mechanism of public goods and the basic system of modern democratic system. In these three fields the bureaucracy has its own different concepts, basic forms and theories. The modern rational bureaucracy in the field of organization is trying to pursue the ultimate form of rationality, but in the practice it often faces the challenge of functional disorder and market transformation. As a mechanism bureaucracy forms a complex combination in the production of social products, especially in providing the public goods and market mechanism. In the field of modern political system, the division and integration of rational bureaucracy and democracy, is regarded as a combination of rational and democratic values, which is the cornerstone of democracy. To clarify the different areas of the bureaucracy, subjective judgment can help us get rid of holism, select theoretical tools and make rational judgment in specific circumstances.

Key words: public administration , rational bureaucracy , organizational form , production mechanism , institutional arrangement

摘要： 在当代的公共行政过程中，理性官僚制并非是庞大、低效而难以摆脱的“铁笼”，而是同时扮演着公共行政的组织形式、公共产品的生产机制以及现代民主体制的基本性制度三重关键性的角色。在这三种镜像下的官僚制具有各自不同的概念内涵、基本形态以及理论张力与演进。厘清官僚制的不同理论内涵有助于我们摆脱整体主义的主观判断，并在具体的情境中进行主题定位、理论工具选择与理性评断。

关键词: 公共行政 , 理性官僚制 , 组织形式 , 生产机制 , 制度安排