Abstract: The current political economy textbook believes that the relative surplus value is the result of the general improvement of social labor productivityThe conclusion of the textbook is on the basis of assuming that the value of the new creation and the education expense remain unchanged or slightly changedBut if the value of the new creation does not change,it means that when the social productive forces reach to a certain extent,no matter how the social labor productivity increases,the relative surplus value will not increaseThis is clearly inconsistent with Marxs theory and practiceIn fact,once the newly created value variable while adding the expense of education,relative surplus value can both increase in a shortened necessary labor time and increase in a extended necessary labor time

Key words: relative surplus value , social labor productivity , labor value , education expense

摘要： 目前的政治经济学教科书认为，相对剩余价值是社会劳动生产率普遍提高的结果。在工作日不变的情况下，随着社会劳动生产率的普遍提高，劳动者及其家属所需生活资料的价值会随之降低，从而必要劳动时间会相应减少，剩余劳动时间会相应延长，进而可以获得更多的剩余价值。教科书的这一结论是假设新创造的价值不变、教育费用及其变化很小以至于可以忽略的情况下得出的。但是假设新创造的价值不变意味着，社会生产力达到一定程度之后，无论社会劳动生产率如何提高，相对剩余价值也不会再增加。这显然与马克思的理论和实际不符。一旦令新创造的价值可变、同时加入教育费用，那么就会发现，相对剩余价值既可以在必要劳动时间缩短的情况下增加，也可以在必要劳动时间延长的情况下增加。  

关键词: 相对剩余价值 , 社会劳动生产率 , 劳动力价值 , 教育费用