Abstract: This paper studied the effect of structure of Chinese government expenditure upon the consumption demand of urban and rural residents from 1978 to 2006 with the additive model. The results of the study include: the governments administrative expenses squeezed out the consumption expenditure of the urban and rural residents; social cultural and educational expenditure squeezed into the consumption expenditure of urban and rural residents; the financial expenditure of economic construction expenditure squeezed into the consumption demand of urban and rural resident;defense expenditure squeezed into the consumption expenditure of urban residents in a certain range but squeezed out the consumption of rural residents. The results of this study provide clear revelation for the adjustment of the structure of fiscal expenditure in China, enhancing the residentsconsumption as well as expanding domestic demand.

Key words: the structure of the government expenditure , private consumption  , extrusion , squeeze

摘要： 在前人研究的基础上，本文使用可加模型实证研究了1978—2006年中国政府支出结构对城乡居民消费需求的影响，结果发现：政府的行政管理费支出挤出了城乡居民的消费支出；社会文教费支出则挤入城乡居民消费支出；财政支出中的经济建设费支出对城乡居民的消费需求在一定范围内有挤入效应，但超过该范围则对居民消费产生挤出效应；国防费支出在一定范围内对城镇居民消费支出具有挤入作用，但对农村居民消费则有挤出作用。这个经验研究结果为我国财政支出结构调整，为提升居民消费，扩大内需，提供了明确的启示。

关键词: 政府支出结构 , 居民消费 , 挤出 , 挤入