关键词: 经济基础, 上层建筑, 卢卡奇, 布达佩斯学派

Abstract: Human societys constructions are predicated upon the idea of “the economic base determines the superstructure” in Marxs theory. The understandings of Lukács and the Budapest School on the relationship between the economic base and the superstructure are both intersecting and diverging. The convergence is manifested in the fact that Lukács, starting from the capitalist mode of production and economic structure, criticizes the capitalist commodity economy and society, reveals the root cause of the emergence of materialized consciousness and class consciousness, and explores the necessity of socialist democratic construction; the Budapest School also analyzes and criticizes fascism, capitalism and the Soviet model from the perspective of economic structure, and explores a new socialist model. The divergence of the two lies in that: first, Lukács focuses on and reconstructs the overall relationship between the economic base and the superstructure, while the Budapest School believes that Lukács falls into economic determinism and reductionism because of the view that “the economic base determines the superstructure”; second,Lukács affirms Soviet socialism and its democracy and opposes the replacement of socialist democracy with bourgeois democracy, while the Budapest School moves from criticism to negation of the Soviet model and takes a reserved attitude towards capitalist democracy. The Budapest Schools denial of the primary principle of Marxist economics has led to a huge difference in their understanding of socialism from that of Lukács and Marx, and from the true meaning of historical materialism.

Key words: economic base, superstructure, Lukács, the Budapest School