关键词: 抽象力, 斯密, 黑格尔, 马克思, 辩证法

Abstract: The concept of “the force of abstraction” in Marx's analysis of economic forms is built on the basis of critical inheritance and revolutionary transcendence of the force of formal abstraction from Smith and the force of speculative abstraction from Hegel. Smith is committed to raising abstract concepts to rational concreteness with diversity and unity. However, due to the lack of intermediary links, he explores the internal relations of things metaphysically, which leads to the confusion between shallow induction and indepth abstraction and the duality of research methods. Hegel's conception transcends the intuition of and empirical evidence provided by classical political economists, and sublimates the fixed and rigid content into comprehensive and developing concreteness, thereby realizing the great leap of “the force of abstraction”. However, Hegel confuses rational concreteness with realistic concreteness, and his speculative approach to abstraction and Smith's formal approach to abstraction eventually become the “accomplice” of metaphysics. Based on the real productive forces and production relations, Marx follows the complete logical path of abstraction, breaking its “connection” to and “entanglement” with metaphysics and completing the scientific and revolutionary transformation of the force of abstraction. It not only realizes the critique of political economy, but also deepens the theoretical logic of materialistic dialectics and epistemology.

Key words: the force of abstraction, Adam Smith, Georg Hegel, Karl Marx, dialectics