关键词: 无政府主义, 历史唯物主义, 科学社会主义, 辩证法

Abstract: The existing research on the ideological relationship between Marx and Proudhon still needs to be further expanded. It is advisable to locate Proudhon and his thoughts in the context of anarchism, and to understand the relationship between the two in the broader context of the political philosophy of the Enlightenment and the development of Marxism. Marx's critique of Proudhon's anarchism focuses on its theoretical basis, ideological line, political line, and so forth. These two theories are the distinction between “historical materialism and scientific socialism” and “historical idealism and bourgeois socialism”, between the proletarian and petty-bourgeois positions, between social revolution and social reform, and between the “human society” and free society, among others. This kind of orientation and understanding will help us fully grasp Proudhon's ideas and the basic nature, and also help confirm the truth of historical materialism and scientific socialism, and thus provide implications for human liberation in the 21st century.

Key words: anarchism, historical materialism, scientific socialism, dialectics