关键词: 人类学笔记 , 研究性质 , 人类学 , 唯物史观

Abstract: Clarifying the true relationship between Marxs “Anthropological Notes” and “Anthropology” and correctly defining the“nature of research”of those notes is of great significance for a deep understanding of Marxs academic interest and academic contribution in his later years. In his later years, Marxs academic research in his “Anthropological Notes” should not be characterized as “anthropological research” of empirical science and empirical science, but should be defined as a “historical philosophy study” of historical materialism. The Notes were made in line with Marxs important historical materialism “innovation plan” in his later years. In his later years, Marx tried to use the latest scientific achievements of the worlds anthropology at that time to creatively develop historical materialism and systematically explore and formulate the theories about the primitive society and the origin of civilization. Clarifying this point will help to restore the truth of the history of Marxist thought and refute the views of the Western academic circles on the“two Marx”opposition.

Key words: Anthropological Notes , nature of research , anthropology , historical materialism