主管：教育部
主办：中国人民大学
ISSN 0257-2826  CN 11-1454/G4
教学与研究

《教学与研究》

• 政治学前沿 •    下一篇

关于国家治理能力的一般理论——探索世界政治（比较政治）研究的新范式

杨光斌   

  1. 中国人民大学国际关系学院政治学系
  • 出版日期:2017-01-15 发布日期:2017-01-16
  • 作者简介:杨光斌，中国人民大学国际关系学院政治学系教授，教育部长江学者特聘教授（北京 100872）。

On the General Theory of State Governance——A New Paradigm to Explore the Study of World Politics (Comparative Politics)

Yang Guang-bin   

  1. School of International Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872
  • Online:2017-01-15 Published:2017-01-16

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摘要： 社会科学的价值在于其对时代性问题的回应和解决，但是在观念化的世界政治中，“时代主题”可能是有违世界真相的一种虚幻，由此而产生的研究范式只能误导思想界乃至有关国家的政治发展，比较政治学中的研究现代化主题的结构功能主义范式（1950s—1970s）和研究民主化主题的转型学范式（1980s—2010s）均有此嫌疑，因此比较政治学迫切需要替代性的新主题和新范式。鉴于转型范式的失败即第三波民主化之后“无效民主”的普遍性，西方也提出了种种治理理论，但是这些理论只不过基调不变的社会中心主义的民主化理论——发展理论的新说法而已，它们依然是西方国家自己的内在需要而非发展中国家的实际需要。本文强调，即使在政治主题为“治理”的时代，治理的核心是治理能力问题，而理解国家治理能力理论的前提离不开古老的但是已经变化后的国家权力理论，国家权力的基本面向及其内在的逻辑关系直接影响着大国兴衰，这是大历史的线索，也是“反事实法”的比较政治研究的发现。据此，国家治理能力其实是协调国家权力关系的能力，它由“体制吸纳力—制度整合力—政策执行力”构成，作为一种祛价值化的实践性理论,具有系统性、分层性和非对称性的特征。不同于比较政治学前60年流行的意识形态化的必然是“制造问题”的研究范式，国家治理能力理论的追求是为了“解决问题”。以国家治理能力理论研究世界政治，发现不同的国家在不同层面各有长短，均面临不同层面的治理危机，不存在包治百病的对所有国家都适用的总体性“解决方案”。国家治理能力理论是一种基于中国历史文化和政治发展而演绎出来的、并具有亚里士多德式政治学的学术而非观念至上的理论。

关键词: 比较政治学 , 国家治理能力 , 国家权力 , 体制吸纳力 , 制度整合力 , 政策执行力

Abstract: The value of social science lies in its response and solutions to the times. There is an urgent need for the Comparative Political Science to find out the new theme and new paradigm to replace the old ones. In view of the failure of the transformation paradigm, namely the universality of “invalid democracy” after the “third wave of democratization”, the Western democracy also put forward a variety of governance theory. But these theories are aimed at serving the needs within the western countries rather than serving the actual needs of developing countries. This thesis emphasizes that, even in the era that “governance” is the political theme, the core of governance is still the issue of governance capacity, and the premise of understanding the theory of state governance capacity can not be separated from the theory of state power. The basic side of the state power and its inherent logical relations directly influence the rise and fall of the great powers, which is the clue of the “great history”. According to this, the state governance capacity is the ability to coordinate the relationship between state power, which is composed of “institutional absorptive capacity, institutional integration force and policy execution”. Different from the research paradigm of “creating problem” in the first 60 years of the Comparative Political Science, the pursuit of the theory of state governing ability is focused on “solving the problem ”. To study the world politics with the theory of national governance capacity we can find that different countries have their own advantages and disadvantages at different stages, and they are all faced with different levels of governance crisis. Therefore, there is no solution applicable to all countries. The theory of Chinese state governance capacity is based on the development of Chinese history, culture and politics. It has an academic style of Aristotle political science rather than a theory of supremacy of concept.

Key words: national governance capacity , comparative political science , state power , institutional absorptive capacity , institutional integration , policy implementation