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主办:中国人民大学
ISSN 0257-2826  CN 11-1454/G4

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    Tendencies of Cultural Homogeneity and Heterogeneity in the Course of Globalization
    ZHANG Jing
    Teaching and Research    2002, (5): 56-61.  
    Abstract2441)      PDF (758KB)(4540)       Save
    One of the consequences of globalization is the collision of different cultures. What will these collisions lead the culture of the world to? Will the culture of the world become homogeneous or even more heterogeneous? This article holds that neither will happen because of the dual factors of cultural im perialism and cultural subject.Coexistence of the conflicting tendencies of homogeneity and heterogeneity will be present simultaneously in the course of globalization.
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    On the Basic Issues of “Marxism in the 21st Century”
    Han Qingxiang, Wang Xuezhi
    Teaching and Research    2023, 57 (3): 5-15.  
    Abstract489)      PDF (7911KB)(212)       Save
    It has been more than seven years since General Secretary Xi Jinping officially put forward the important proposition of “developing Marxism in the 21st century”. In the past few years, prior studies have rarely explored the proposition, let alone give an indepth theoretical explanation. Since 2021, scholars have started to make discussions theoretically, and they have also been able to express their views on some of the basic issues. However, so far, there are still many vague understandings about some basic issues of “developing Marxism in the 21st century” that provide unclear explanations. This article takes an explanatory approach that sees history from a broader perspective, based on the theoretical framework of “adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and to the needs of our times”, tries to understand the historical and logical starting point of the origin of Marxism in the 21st century, and discusses issues concerning the relationships between Marxism in the 21st century and that adapted to the needs of our times, between Marxism in the 21st century and that in contemporary China, between Marxism in the 21st century and that in the 19th and 20th centuries, between Marxism in the 21st century in China and that overseas, between Marxism in the 21st century and the questions posed by China, by the world, by the people, and by the times, between Marxism in the 21st century in China and the Chinesestyle modernization, between the new form of human civilization and a community of shared future for mankind, between Marxism in the 21st century in China and the transformation of philosophical paradigms in the 21st century, and that Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is Marxism in the 21st Century, among others.
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    Opportunities and Challenges: AIGC Empowers Ideological and Political Education in the New Era
    Wang Shao
    Teaching and Research    2023, 57 (5): 106-116.  
    Abstract590)      PDF (7468KB)(378)       Save
    The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) represented by ChatGPT has created new opportunities for the digital development of ideological and political education in the new era. AIGC, on which techniques such as Contrastive LanguageImage Pretraining (CLIP), the diffusion model (Diffusion) and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) are based, can promote the integration of forms and contents of ideological and political education, the multifaceted interactions between the context and the environment, and the indepth exchanges between subjects and objects. At the same time, the fact that AIGC empowers ideological and political education has also brought new challenges in the new era. Influenced by preconceived conclusions, panentertainment and the misuse of technology, it can easily solidify the bias of young students, affect their ideals and beliefs, and increase the ethical and moral risks. We should insist on examining the influence of AIGC on ideological and political education in the new era with a systematic, dialectical and developmental perspective, giving full play to the positive effects of AIGC, increasing the supply of effective discourse to guide young students to foster positive values, using the feature correlation for them to develop positive character traits, and emphasizing the integration of ethics of science and technology in the education of young students.
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    The Transcendence of Modernity: Historical Implications of Marx's Discussions of the “Jewish Question”
    Lin Zhao
    Teaching and Research    2021, 55 (10): 56-64.  
    Abstract3151)      PDF (1214KB)(505)       Save
    The core of the “Jewish question” is about how the Jews were emancipated within the modernity framework: emancipated as human beings or as Jews. Bruno Bauer proposed a solution of assimilation, requiring the abandonment of religious particularity by the Jews and Christians and assimilation of them into “human beings”. Distinct from this Enlightenment approach, Marx raised a different question through discussions of political emancipation. He argued that the Jews could not be emancipated within the modernity framework; they could only be genuinely emancipated by transcending modernity. After the debates between political Zionism and cultural Zionism, the Jews finally reestablished Israel. Nevertheless, the rebuilding of this Jewish state is not the realization of emancipation, for the Jews are still trapped in the modernity dilemma of the “war of all against all”. Marx's discussions of the “Jewish question” have historical implications, i.e. for a nation with a long history, a profound culture, and numerous sufferings to be emancipated and revitalized, modernity must be simultaneously obtained and transcended. For the Chinese who are committed to the national rejuvenation, it is necessary to bear in mind lessons from the Jews and teachings of Marx, and pursue the unification of the Chinese emancipation and human emancipation based on the transcendence of the modern capitalist civilization.
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    The Nature and Contemporary Significance of Cultural Confidence
    Zhang Chuankai, Shan Chuanyou
    Teaching and Research    2021, 55 (9): 41-47.  
    Abstract2784)      PDF (5632KB)(476)       Save
    Cultural confidence is the confidence in the socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, not merely the confidence in the traditional Chinese culture. It is not the same with confidence in theory, which is essentially the confidence in an ideology. The essence of cultural confidence is the confidence in values. Cultural confidence is the most fundamental form of confidence as manifested as follows. Cultural values are found in the choosing of the socialist path, theory, and system with Chinese characteristics. The socialist path, theory, and system with Chinese characteristics are rooted in the profound history and culture of China. And the confidence in culture and values is more essential, fundamental and lasting. Cultural confidence does not imply cultural determinism, cultural revivalism, or cultural hegemonism.
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    From Chinese Modernization to Chinese-style Modernization
    Zhao Jinying
    Teaching and Research    2023, 57 (4): 18-28.  
    Abstract842)      PDF (8969KB)(344)       Save
    The cause from general modernization to specific Chinesestyle modernization has been pursued with the intensive promotion of transformation, upgrading and optimization, spreading and scaling up innovation, integration and invention. Modernization in China is first of all a modernization process that is forced to be initiated under the influence of the mode of “external shocksChinese response”, and it is the application and extension of general modernization models. Only by combining the universal and general quests for modernity with China's unique conditions, paths and models, and fostering the “Chinese paradigm” of modernization, would the Chinese-style modernization gradually dispel the myth of“modernization equals Westernization”claimed by developmentalism and developmental determinism, and defuse the negative image of China stereotyped by the Western Enlightenment discourse. A new image of China is thus created through integrating and innovating the universal requirements of modernization, the development path of the Chinese civilization and the new socialist civilization. The Chinesestyle modernization develops a new socialist civilization pattern and logic that surpasses the Western capitalist civilization through more “circulation” and “exchange”, ie. harmonious coexistence and winwin cooperation between man and nature, man and man, and country and country instead of the zerosum thinking based on plundering and slaughter, and presents a new pattern and vision of new world civilization. A mature socialist party and government are needed to prevent the blind expansion of the capital logic, to limit the extrapolation of global problems, and to ensure that the fruits of development are fairly shared by all rather than by capitals and elites. Only in this way can the new concepts, ideas and policies provided by the Chinese-style modernization be better realized.
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    Nicholas Spykman’s Rimland Theory and Its Strategic Implications
    WU Zheng-yu
    Teaching and Research    2006, (5): 78-83.  
    Abstract9905)      PDF (948KB)(2214)       Save
    This paper explores Nicholas Spykman’s geographic strategic concept and its significance in the present time.The author holds that Spykman’s theory is completely different from that of Mackinder’s in that Spykman places more stress on the strategic position of rimland,and in his selectiveness as to which regions he accords importance when emphasizing "rimland".While many researchers tend to attribute the strategy of containment and its drawbacks to Spykman’s frame,this strategy is actually a reflection of Mackinder’rather than Spykman’s viewpoints.In fact,Spykman’s idea is not manifested in the strategy of containment in the US foreign policies.A discussion on the significance of Spykman’s theory in the post-Cold War era is offered at the end of the paper.
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    The Contemporary Value of Dual Paths of Thought in “On the Significance of Militant Materialism”——Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the Publication of “On the Significance of Militant Materialism”
    Chai Linli
    Teaching and Research    2022, 56 (10): 52-60.  
    Abstract325)      PDF (5244KB)(326)       Save
    On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of its publication, “On the Significance of Militant Materialism” is rerevisited in this paper, not only because it is the most famous philosophical work in the late Lenin period, but also due to its ideological value and methodological significance it embodies that are still realistic today. In order to demonstrate the philosophical thought and value of the text itself in the new era, we need to pay attention to several issues in the process of interpretation: first, the new theoretical value should be explored from the investigation of the relevant background and the cleaning up campaign in academic history; second, that Lenin elaborated the principles and ideological standards that Marxists should follow in future works from the dual paths of philosophy and social practice should be highlighted; finally, combined with characteristics of the times, the theoretical significance and methodological enlightenment of Lenins “two alliance” theory for China's socialist modernization should be fully demonstrated.
     
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    The Differences between Marx and Hegel on Freedom and Property Rights
    Wei Xiaoping
    Teaching and Research    2022, 56 (6): 56-63.  
    Abstract387)      PDF (6020KB)(408)       Save
    One of Marxs major criticisms of Hegel is on the relationship between state and civil society, which deals with a very important problem, that is, the relationship between ones freedom and his/her right over property. The concept of freedom and justice could be regarded as the central idea of bourgeois revolution, and Hegel conceives that the free will is the basis and origin of right. Freedom is also one of the core values of Marxs pursuit of socialism and communism. Different from Hegel, Marxs understanding of freedom starts from the economic relations in the real world. The difference in research methods leads to the different point of view on the relationship between freedom and property rights, which launches the prelude to debate between Marxism and liberalism.

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    An Analysis of Copenhagen School’s Security Theory
    Luo Tianhong
    Teaching and Research    1999, (8): 47-53,80.  
    Abstract2228)      PDF (1006KB)(3965)       Save
    The Copenhagen School is a school of critical security study that offers a new system of security theory in response to the expanding scope of security issues since 1980s. According to the Copenhagen security theory,security is an "utterance behavior" with special "rhetoric logic" and "cross sectional" features. However,the author points out,security as a goal is rather limited. A higher goal should be non security. The Copenhagen School identifies 5 security sections and considers these sections perspectives of studying different types of threats and different areas of security. The five sections are as follows:politics,economy,military,society and environment. The theory also attempts to explain the influence of regional aspects over models of security structure by means of "security complex". The Copenhagen School is of typical European style,utilizing theories and methodology of new realism,structuralism and peace research.
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    The Capital Logic of the Virtual Idol Industry in the Era of Digital Economy and Its Transcendence
    Han Wenlong, Li Yanchun
    Teaching and Research    2023, 57 (4): 41-54.  
    Abstract344)      PDF (10813KB)(302)       Save
    Replacing real idols with virtual ones has become an important way for the capitalist idol industry to reduce risks and produce virtual space. As a result, the virtual idol industry is dominated and controlled by the capital logic and has become a new venue for the capital to solve the two main problems of excessive accumulation and overproduction. In order to produce more surplus value, the capitalist class continues to expand the scope of exploitation and increase the degree of exploitation. From the free labor of fans to the paid labor of hired workers, they are all included in the capitalist valueadded system, thereby maximizing the production of surplus value. At the same time, in order to achieve the maximization, the capitalist class applies consumerism to the virtual idol industry, symbolizing virtual idols, implementing symbolic consumerism, and constructing illusory meanings by using modern communication means such as digital platforms, so that the consumption motivation goes beyond the use value while turns to the symbolic value. According to Marxs research method of “from concrete to abstract and then from abstract to concrete”, this paper explores the capital logic of surplus value production and realization abstracted from the production and consumption of goods and services in the virtual idol industry, as well as the inevitability of digital labor exploitation and symbolic consumerism, and finally returns to the specific practice of the development of the virtual idol industry in China.
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    esearch on the Achievements, Problems and Paths of Building a Modern Industrial System in the New Era
    Wang Guijun, Zhang Hui
    Teaching and Research    2023, 57 (6): 12-30.  
    Abstract1823)      PDF (13267KB)(298)       Save
    The modern industrial system is contained in Chinesestyle modernization. It is the material and technical foundation for China to build a socialist modern country and consists of two major components:the power system and support system. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, although China has made remarkable achievements in many fields of building a modern industrial system, there are still obstacles and challenges in individual fields such as industrial structure evolution, digital economy development, and technological innovation. Deepening the construction of a modern industrial system should take the digital economy as the core engine, while vigorously promote the development of strategic emerging industries and the transformation and upgrading of traditional real economy, ensure the synchronous followup and deep integration of modern service industry, modern circulation industry, and modern infrastructure system: The firstly is to fully unleash dividends of digital economy development, promote technological change through the digital economy and create an internal driving force system centered around the digital economy. The Secondly is to stabilize the scale of the real economy from both the internal driving mechanism of the industrial system and the external guarantee mechanism, and create a mechanism for the development of the real economy that promotes quality through quantity and ensures quantity through quality. The thirdly is to accelerate the development of modern service industry, modern circulation industry, and modern infrastructure, and promote the deep integration of the support system and the power system.

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    Tension: Concept, Method and Meaning
    Jing Shiqun, Wang Wenbing
    Teaching and Research    2020, 54 (12): 48-56.  
    Abstract7537)      PDF (7405KB)(392)       Save
    In the field of contemporary philosophy and social sciences, the concept of “tension” is not simply a general concept used to describe a certain state of things, but has become a way of thinking and an analysis method. In fact, tension is a special case of contradiction. The tension analysis method is a specific form of the contradiction analysis method. The concept of tension and the analysis method of tension have a clear thinking orientation. This is to oppose eitheror and reductionist thinking and analysis methods, and pursue a way of thinking that asks both ends, dynamic balance, and multiple integration. Different factors construct a complementary and symbiotic relationship. The concept of tension and the method of tension analysis have their harmonious connotations, which in a sense reflects the current trend of the times of “peace, development, cooperation, and winwin”. It can complement and coexist and complement each other with the concept of contradiction and the purpose of struggle highlighted by the method of contradiction analysis.
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    Teaching and Research    2004, (2): 82-88.  
    Abstract1110)      PDF (1130KB)(2857)       Save
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    Teaching and Research    2022, 56 (8): 108-117.  
    Abstract461)      PDF (8203KB)(360)       Save
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    A Betrayer or Innovator: Investigating the Development of Foreign Marxist Economics through the Work of Bowles
    Gao Ling, Tang Yuyin, Lo Dic
    Teaching and Research    2022, 56 (10): 106-121.  
    Abstract267)      PDF (9114KB)(308)       Save
    Radical political economy has been going through for more than 50 years, in which Samuel Bowles stands out among radical political economists by his unique theoretical innovation. His “Marxist economics without the labor theory of value” represents the mainstream paradigm of radical political economy. Based on all of Bowles's papers on Marxist economics published between 1975 and 2020, we divide his exploration of Marxist economic theory into three phases: the “transition period from 1975 to 1981”, the “formation period from 1982 to 1989”, and the “extension period from 1990 to the present”. These three stages outline the trajectory of Bowles academic thought. We find that Bowles' “abandonment” of the labor theory of value and his turn to behavioral science in the 1990s are not a deviation from his original research path, but an evitable result of the development of his theories of political economy. Considering Bowles academic experience as a continuous process is key to understanding the progress of his research and the radical political economy he represents in the United States.
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    Data as a Factor of Production: Data Capitalization, Income Distribution and Ownership
    Cai Wanhuan, Zhang Zizhu
    Teaching and Research    2022, 56 (7): 57-65.  
    Abstract486)      PDF (7144KB)(350)       Save
    The digital economy has penetrated into all aspects of production and life, and the attribute of data as a factor of production has been widely recognized. The process of data items being “used” is the process of the evolution of its valueform, as well as the process of its value proliferation and capitalization. The platform is not only a “factory” for processing data items, but also an important intermediary to realize the movement of their values. The digital platform completes the production and realization of surplus value through the production process and circulation process of data commodities, thus forming a capital accumulation process with data commodities as the core. Data capital owners grab a greater share of the digital dividends brought by data items, while users who provide raw materials, workers who maintain the normal operation of the platform, and smallsized producers who preserve the vitality of the platform are in a dominated status, which destroys the fairness of distribution. The exclusive ownership of data lacks legitimacy, which is not in line with the generative characteristics of data items. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify data ownership to reshape the income distribution pattern. At this stage, we need to grant the platforms the right to use data to promote their development; while at the same time, we need to attach great attention to the redistribution of dividends to the user. In the long run, we can search for a path of data public ownership under the socialist system, and tackle the roots of the problem of unreasonable distribution.

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    Marx and Engels' Concept of “the Proletariat” and its Modern Development
    Lin Feng, Wang Xianpeng
    Teaching and Research    2023, 57 (1): 35-44.  
    Abstract1331)      PDF (7272KB)(309)       Save
    With the changes in the working modes and living conditions of the working class in developed capitalist countries, the argument of the “disappearance of the proletariat” has emerged and produced considerable influence in the academic circle. In order to respond to this argument, we must go back to the classic writings of Marxism, examine and restore the original meaning of the concept of “the proletariat” developed by Marx and Engels, and refer to the new changes in contemporary capitalist society to make a new interpretation of the concept of “the proletariat” that is in line with the characteristics of the times. “Being compelled by their lack of ownership of the means of production to sell their labor power to capitalists to earn a living” is the core feature of “the proletariat” described by Marx and Engels. In the modern world, the persistence of social groups of this profile demonstrates the continued strong explanatory power and applicability of the concept in contemporary times. It is worth noting that the new changes in contemporary capitalist society objectively constitute a challenge to Marx and Engels' conception of “the proletariat”. As modern Marxists, we should defend and develop the concept of “the proletariat” in the modern context, and make new provisions and interpretations of “the proletariat” on the premise of adhering to its rational core. Specifically, the scope of application of this concept should be expanded from the narrow sense of material production to the broad field of labor with much diversity, and the targeted group of the concept should be adjusted from the absolute poor to the relatively poor, thereby endowing this classic concept with stronger and broader explanatory power.

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    Research on Social Movement:A Review of Academic History
    WANG Jin-Liang
    Teaching and Research    2015, 49 (8): 101-109.  
    Abstract1295)      PDF (6646KB)(1662)       Save
    Social movement is involved in the conflicts of groups,the struggle,the collective action and the revolutionThe change of social movement research paradigm also reflects the change of the research level from macro to medium,and then to the microscopic interpretation,and the theoretical core from the interpretation of the classical social psychology and social structure change,to the dominant position of the rational interpretation,then to the change of cultural interpretation of significance construction and symbolTo sort out,review and sum up the main theoretical schools of the western social movement can provide a knowledge system with basic theory of social movement researchThe introduction of western social movement theory schools can also provide an important reference for the localization of the research
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